Table of Contents Chapter 1 Arizona Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Chapter 4 Arizona in the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who were the Maya? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who were the Toltec? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who were the Mexica? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who were the Inca? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What was Europe like in 600 a.d?. . . . . . . . . Who were the lords and knights? . . . . . . . . . What is a castle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What was life in a castle like? . . . . . . . . . . . . What were the Crusades? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What were the new trade routes? . . . . . . . . . What nations came to control the trade routes of the sea? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What happened on October 12, 1492? . . . . What was the effect of Columbus’ voyages on the Mexica and the Inca? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feature Chichen Itza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 46 What are some of the challenges facing Arizona today? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 What are some of Arizona’s natural wonders? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Why do people visit Arizona? . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Feature Percival Lowell, Clyde Tombaugh, Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter . . . . . . . . . 12 The Story of Arizona’s Sedona . . . . . . 13 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Chapter 2 The Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Is all of Arizona’s land the same? . . . . . . . . . How did Arizona get its name? . . . . . . . . . . Who are Arizona’s neighbors? . . . . . . . . . . . Feature Lifezones; What Makes a Cactus a Cactus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 16 20 21 25 26 46 47 48 Chapter 3 The First People: Native Arizonans How did people first arrive in the area? . . . . Who were the first groups of people to live in Arizona? . . . . . . . . . . Feature Montezuma Castle; Agave . . . . . . . . . . Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 28 29 35 36 Chapter 5 The Second People: Explorers and Settlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 52 53 53 53 54 56 57 58 59 60 Why did people seek the Seven Cities of Cibola? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The search for Cibola: The Seven Cities of Gold . . . . . . . . . . . The fabulous seven cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coronado’s search for riches . . . . . . . . . . . . Coronado reaches Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disappointment and trickery . . . . . . . . . . . . Why did Father Kino come to Arizona? . . . Why were gold and silver important to Spain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feature Tubac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table of Contents 3