Yazarlar Percy Boateng, MD Assistant Professor Department of CT Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine Attending Surgeon Department of CT Surgery Hahnemann Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania John F. Butterworth, IV, MD Professor and Chairman Department of Anesthesiology Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Richmond, Virginia Charles E. Chambers, MD Professor of Medicine & Radiology Penn State University Director Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Heart & Vascular Institute Hershey Medical Center Hershey, Pennsylvania Joseph C. Cleveland, Jr., MD Professor of Surgery Surgical Director, Cardiac Transplantation and MCS University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center Aurora, Colorado Charles D. Collard, MD, MS Professor and Vice Chairman Department of Anesthesiology Baylor College of Medicine Anesthesiologist in Chief Department of Anesthesiology Texas Heart Institute St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Houston, Texas John R. Cooper, Jr., MD Professor Department of Anesthesiology Baylor College of Medicine Attending Anesthesiologist Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia Texas Heart Institute St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Houston, Texas Jack H. Crawford MD, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama iv Laurie K. Davies, MD Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology & Surgery University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Kishan Dwarakanath, MD Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Baylor College of Medicine Attending Anesthesiologist Cardiovascular Anesthesia Texas Heart Institute St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Houston, Texas John W.C. Entwistle, III, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine Director of Heart Transplantation Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hahnemann University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Amanda A. Fox, MD, MPH Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Harvard Medical School Attending Anesthesiologist Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative & Pain Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Thomas E.J. Gayeski, MD, PhD Professor of Anesthesiology Director of Cardiac Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Mark A. Gerhardt, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology The Ohio State University The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus, Ohio Joseph N. Ghansah