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Chapter 7: Consequences of lack of diversionary and post-release options 83
Figure 10 ­ Charter rights in the criminal justice system
Activity
Charter rights to consider
Police contact, arrest and charge
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 12 ­ freedom of movement
s 13 ­ right to privacy and reputation
s 21 ­ right to liberty and security of person
s 25 ­ rights in criminal proceedings
Scheduling of bail proceedings and time taken to be
brought before a court
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 12 ­ freedom of movement
s 21 ­ right to liberty and security of person, right to be
promptly brought before a court without unreasonable delay
Recommendations and decisions about bail
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 21 ­ right to liberty and security of person ­ a person
may only be deprived of his or her liberty in accordance
with the law
Communication with legal representatives
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 24 ­ right to a fair hearing
s 25 ­ rights in criminal proceedings
Conditions when detained/in custody, including transport
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 9 ­ right to life
s 10 - protection from degrading treatment
s 21 ­ right to liberty and security of person
s 22 ­ humane treatment when deprived of liberty
Access to culturally appropriate services and ability to
practise culture while in custody
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 12 ­ freedom of movement
s 13 ­ right to privacy and reputation
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s 19 ­ cultural rights
Contact with family and needs of children involved
s 8 ­ recognition and equality before the law
s 13 ­ right to privacy and reputation, including the right
not to have family unlawfully or arbitrarily interfered with
s 17 ­ protection of families and children, including the
best interests of the child
Charter rights may be limited
All Charter rights may be limited, but only to
the extent that the limitation is reasonable and
demonstrably justified in a free, democratic society
based on human dignity, equality and freedom.
When looking at what is reasonable, the Charter
says that public authorities have to take into
account the nature of the right, the purpose of
the interference, and whether there is another way
of doing things that is less restrictive on people's
human rights (section7(2)).
Importantly, while being in prison will restrict
rights (for example restrictions on freedom of
movement) it does not void the rights of Koori
women. Other rights can only be restricted to the
extent necessary, for example, there will be flow-on
limitations on the right to privacy in a prison setting.
However, the usual Charter tests for determining
what is a reasonable limitation on rights still applies.
It is also important to note that the Charter is
founded on principles that human rights belong to
all people without discrimination and that human
rights "have a special importance for the Aboriginal
people of Victoria, as descendants of Australia's
first people".
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Accordingly, when considering the
human rights consequences of increasing rates
of incarceration, we must consider not only the
consequences for individual Koori women, but also
for their family and kin, and communities.
Human rights consequences for Koori women
Whenever a Koori woman is arrested, charged,
prosecuted, makes a bail application, is
transported, is placed on remand or serves a term
of imprisonment, human rights protected by the
Charter are engaged, along with rights protected
by international human rights laws.
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Cultural practices are included in the concept of
privacy and personal autonomy.
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Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006
(Vic), preamble.